PMR446 and Freenet in Germany: Applications and the Role of Relays and Crossband Repeaters


In Germany, PMR446 and Freenet are two widely used license-free radio communication systems designed for private and professional users. While both systems offer reliable communication solutions, their regulations and technical characteristics, particularly regarding the use of relays and crossband repeaters, differ significantly.

PMR446 operates in the UHF band at 446 MHz and is limited to an effective radiated power (ERP) of 500 mW. Its compact design and fixed antennas make it ideal for short-range communication, typically ranging from 3 to 10 kilometers, depending on environmental conditions. However, the use of relays or repeaters is strictly prohibited for PMR446 in Germany. This restriction ensures equitable access to the frequency for all users and avoids interference. The fixed antenna requirement also prevents modifications to extend the device's range.

Freenet, on the other hand, operates in the VHF band around 149 MHz and allows for a higher ERP of up to 1 W. Freenet provides slightly better range and signal penetration, particularly in open areas and urban environments. Unlike PMR446, Freenet permits the use of external antennas, provided that the ERP does not exceed regulatory limits. This flexibility makes Freenet a more adaptable system for users requiring extended coverage or enhanced signal quality.

The concept of crossband repeaters, which link communication across different frequency bands, is technically feasible for Freenet. Crossband repeaters could connect Freenet to other systems like amateur radio bands, facilitating broader communication networks. However, such setups must adhere strictly to German telecommunications regulations to avoid unauthorized frequency use or interference with licensed services. 

In conclusion, PMR446 and Freenet provide accessible and efficient communication solutions tailored to different user needs. While PMR446 focuses on simplicity and accessibility with strict regulatory constraints, Freenet offers greater flexibility for extending range and integrating with other systems, provided all legal requirements are met. Users considering the use of relays or crossband repeaters must carefully navigate these regulations to ensure compliance.